The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.